Animals & Pets
Animals are an integral part of all of our lives. Pets become members of our families and bring companionship and a sense of security to our homes. This section provides articles with information about various animals and pets. Find helpful tips on taking care of your pet and explore the wonderful world of animals.Marine Animals
The exhaustive list of marine animals begins with microscopic zooplanktons and ends with extremely large whales. In between them, lie millions of species ... each boasting of being quite peculiar in itself.
More than a million species of plants and animals are endemic to
the marine biome, which makes it the richest biome in the world in terms
of biodiversity. While the World Registry of Marine Species (WoRMS) has
over 200,000 species enlisted in it, the actual number is believed to
be at least ten times greater than that. When we talk about marine
species, we restrict ourselves to fish, reptiles, mammals, and
invertebrates that dwell in oceans and estuaries. However, if we are to
study the marine biome in its true sense, it is important to take into
consideration seabirds and terrestrial mammals that are dependent on it
for food.
The marine biome is a key component of the Earth's ecosystem, comprising five oceans―namely the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean―and several estuaries as well as millions of living organisms that inhabit them. It is the largest and most diverse biome in the world. The study of this biome and its components is known as marine biology, while the scientists who study marine life are known as marine biologists.
Marine Biome Animals
When we talk about marine life, the first thing that is likely to come to your mind is various species of fish. Some of you may also come up with the names of sea turtles, sea snakes, and marine mammals like dolphins and whales. All these names put together give a mere glimpse of the diversity in the marine biome, as the list of animals found in this biome is quite lengthy and has a wide range of species to its credit.
Species of Fish
Great white shark
Great White Shark
Of the 32,700 odd species of fish identified by FishBase―the global database of fish species―around 60 percent are found in oceans. These include species ranging from tiny stout infantfish to whale sharks―the world's largest fish. Some of the most popular species include sardines, halibuts, sharks, etc., which form an important part of our diet. Additionally, there are species, like salmons and sea trouts, which frequent between seas and rivers, and deep-sea species, like lanternfish and anglerfish, which are found at depth where even sunlight doesn't penetrate.
Some species of fish are solitary, while others live in groups known as shoals or schools. Their dietary habits are determined by their size and natural habitat. While the great white shark is the apex predator of the marine biome, there are other species, which despite being small, are pretty notorious for their aggressive traits and don't hesitate to take on species larger than themselves.
Note: The absence of whales and dolphins in this list may come across as a surprise for many people, but one needs to understand that technically, they are mammals.
Marine Invertebrates
Jellyfish
Jellyfish
Invertebrates are typically characterized by the absence of a vertebral column. In oceans, they are usually found in the vicinity of coral reefs and hence, are often classified as coral reef animals. Examples of invertebrates in the marine biome include jellyfish, sponges, sea worms, shellfish, sea stars or starfish, squids, octopi, crabs, etc. With an average length of 39 - 46 ft., the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate on the planet. In course of evolution, some of these species, like crabs and mollusks, have developed a hard shell (exoskeleton) as a protective covering. As in the case of various terrestrial biomes, invertebrates form a major chunk of living organisms in aquatic biomes.
Marine Reptiles
Banded sea krait
Banded Sea Krait
The list of marine reptiles includes various species of sea snakes and sea turtles, as well as species that frequent between sea and land, such as the marine iguana and saltwater crocodile. A closer look reveals that most of the reptilian species found in oceans are oviparous, i.e., they lay eggs; sea snakes being the only exception. Sea turtles come to the land to lay eggs and thus, are often seen in shallow water close to the land. Saltwater crocodiles, on the other hand, are mostly seen in estuarine water. As for sea snakes, despite the fact that they don't leave water, they seem to prefer shallow parts of the sea wherein they can take shelter from their predators.
Marine Mammals
Dolphins
Dolphins
Coming to marine mammals, the list includes whales, like the blue whale, gray whale, and humpback whale, as well as dolphins, seals, sea otters, walruses, sea cows, and polar bears. Unlike whales and dolphins, which live and feed in water, seals, otters, and walruses only rely on oceans for food. Statistically, there are a total of 129 species of mammals which either inhabit oceans or depend on it for sustenance.
While one may find it difficult to make sense of polar bears featuring in this list of marine species, it's important to understand that they fit the criterion, as the definition of marine species clearly includes species that 'depend upon the sea for sustenance'. More importantly, there is no questioning the fact that polar bears have a key role to play in the marine ecosystem in polar areas.
Marine Birds
Seagull flying
Seagull
Whether marine birds, more often referred to as seabirds, should be taken into consideration when compiling a list of marine animals is again an issue of debate. Marine biologists are of the opinion that they cannot be ignored, as they have adapted to the marine environment and play a crucial role in the ocean food chain. Some of the most popular species of seabirds are penguins, albatrosses, gulls, petrels, terns, skuas, auks, gannets, frigatebirds, etc.
Seabirds have specific adaptations, such as the presence of salt glands and waterproof plumage, which help them survive at sea. Additionally, these birds are also known for their migratory habits; the Arctic tern, for instance, plies between the north pole and south pole every year.
Zooplankton
Other than all the animals we have discussed until now, the marine biome also has zooplankton―predominantly comprising small crustaceans and fish larvae―to its credit. Zooplankton are important because the energy transfer in the marine food web begins with them feeding on phytoplankton. The Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean alone has more than 500 species of zooplankton. As for their world population, it is estimated to be in millions.
The marine biome is a key component of the Earth's ecosystem, comprising five oceans―namely the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean―and several estuaries as well as millions of living organisms that inhabit them. It is the largest and most diverse biome in the world. The study of this biome and its components is known as marine biology, while the scientists who study marine life are known as marine biologists.
Marine Biome Animals
When we talk about marine life, the first thing that is likely to come to your mind is various species of fish. Some of you may also come up with the names of sea turtles, sea snakes, and marine mammals like dolphins and whales. All these names put together give a mere glimpse of the diversity in the marine biome, as the list of animals found in this biome is quite lengthy and has a wide range of species to its credit.
Species of Fish
Great white shark
Great White Shark
Of the 32,700 odd species of fish identified by FishBase―the global database of fish species―around 60 percent are found in oceans. These include species ranging from tiny stout infantfish to whale sharks―the world's largest fish. Some of the most popular species include sardines, halibuts, sharks, etc., which form an important part of our diet. Additionally, there are species, like salmons and sea trouts, which frequent between seas and rivers, and deep-sea species, like lanternfish and anglerfish, which are found at depth where even sunlight doesn't penetrate.
Some species of fish are solitary, while others live in groups known as shoals or schools. Their dietary habits are determined by their size and natural habitat. While the great white shark is the apex predator of the marine biome, there are other species, which despite being small, are pretty notorious for their aggressive traits and don't hesitate to take on species larger than themselves.
Note: The absence of whales and dolphins in this list may come across as a surprise for many people, but one needs to understand that technically, they are mammals.
Marine Invertebrates
Jellyfish
Jellyfish
Invertebrates are typically characterized by the absence of a vertebral column. In oceans, they are usually found in the vicinity of coral reefs and hence, are often classified as coral reef animals. Examples of invertebrates in the marine biome include jellyfish, sponges, sea worms, shellfish, sea stars or starfish, squids, octopi, crabs, etc. With an average length of 39 - 46 ft., the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate on the planet. In course of evolution, some of these species, like crabs and mollusks, have developed a hard shell (exoskeleton) as a protective covering. As in the case of various terrestrial biomes, invertebrates form a major chunk of living organisms in aquatic biomes.
Marine Reptiles
Banded sea krait
Banded Sea Krait
The list of marine reptiles includes various species of sea snakes and sea turtles, as well as species that frequent between sea and land, such as the marine iguana and saltwater crocodile. A closer look reveals that most of the reptilian species found in oceans are oviparous, i.e., they lay eggs; sea snakes being the only exception. Sea turtles come to the land to lay eggs and thus, are often seen in shallow water close to the land. Saltwater crocodiles, on the other hand, are mostly seen in estuarine water. As for sea snakes, despite the fact that they don't leave water, they seem to prefer shallow parts of the sea wherein they can take shelter from their predators.
Marine Mammals
Dolphins
Dolphins
Coming to marine mammals, the list includes whales, like the blue whale, gray whale, and humpback whale, as well as dolphins, seals, sea otters, walruses, sea cows, and polar bears. Unlike whales and dolphins, which live and feed in water, seals, otters, and walruses only rely on oceans for food. Statistically, there are a total of 129 species of mammals which either inhabit oceans or depend on it for sustenance.
While one may find it difficult to make sense of polar bears featuring in this list of marine species, it's important to understand that they fit the criterion, as the definition of marine species clearly includes species that 'depend upon the sea for sustenance'. More importantly, there is no questioning the fact that polar bears have a key role to play in the marine ecosystem in polar areas.
Marine Birds
Seagull flying
Seagull
Whether marine birds, more often referred to as seabirds, should be taken into consideration when compiling a list of marine animals is again an issue of debate. Marine biologists are of the opinion that they cannot be ignored, as they have adapted to the marine environment and play a crucial role in the ocean food chain. Some of the most popular species of seabirds are penguins, albatrosses, gulls, petrels, terns, skuas, auks, gannets, frigatebirds, etc.
Seabirds have specific adaptations, such as the presence of salt glands and waterproof plumage, which help them survive at sea. Additionally, these birds are also known for their migratory habits; the Arctic tern, for instance, plies between the north pole and south pole every year.
Zooplankton
Other than all the animals we have discussed until now, the marine biome also has zooplankton―predominantly comprising small crustaceans and fish larvae―to its credit. Zooplankton are important because the energy transfer in the marine food web begins with them feeding on phytoplankton. The Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean alone has more than 500 species of zooplankton. As for their world population, it is estimated to be in millions.
What To Do When Your Dog is Going to Have Puppies
Helping to bring an animal into this world is something that words cannot describe. This Buzzle article lists what to do when your dog is about to have puppies, how to help her deliver, and also the stages involved in the process.
Dogs are a source of abundant joy. And when a dog is going to have
puppies, the happiness of the owners is boundless. The process of giving
birth in dogs is called whelping, and you sometimes have to step in,
assisting your dog if needed.
The following paragraphs will take you through the step-by-step whelping process, right from the stage before labor to after the birth of pups.
Before Birth
Preparations
Before your dog gives birth, the following are a few things that you need to be prepared with.
whelping box
Dog lying with pups in a whelping box
Have a whelping box made of cardboard, or anything that is big enough for your dog to comfortably lie down in along with her pups, which has raised sides to prevent them from getting cold, and which is easy for your dog to get in and out of (an old cupboard or wooden basket will also do). Put 3 to 4 inches of old newspapers, disposable diapers, or old blankets at the bottom of the box.
Make a separate puppy box with similar bedding material for the pups to sleep in until all of them are born. Keep warm bottles or a heating pad under the box to keep it warm. Its temperature should not exceed 80°F to 85°F.
Make these boxes in a quiet corner inside the house where your dog will be comfortable and away from the thoroughfare of the household.
A blunt, sterilized pair of scissors to cut the umbilical cord may be necessary.
Keep some clean (either sterilized or new) pieces of thread to tie the cord after it is cut.
Clean hand towels or extra disposable diapers are needed.
Keep spare newspapers to replace the ones that get wet.
Keep a writing pad to note the time of birth and the total duration between each birth and also for keeping all emergency contact numbers in hand.
Keep KY jelly to help a puppy out if it is stuck due to lubrication.
You will either have to wash your hands thoroughly before your dog begins delivering, or you can wear a pair of latex gloves.
Labor - Stage One
The gestation period of dogs is 60 to 65 days on an average. During the last 4 to 5 days, keep checking your dog's temperature using a rectal thermometer. The average body temperature of a dog is 101° to 102°F. When it drops below 100°F (usually 99°F), it is an indication that she will go into labor in about 24 hours.
There are three stages of labor that your dog will undergo. During the first stage, she will begin experiencing contractions, and you will see signs like panting, restlessness, shivering, digging, whining, or vomiting. This is completely normal. Ensure that you provide her with adequate water, and keep some food available if she wants it. Talk to her lovingly, and comfort her during this time. This phase will be the longest and can last between 6 to 16 hours.
Whelping - How to Assist
Labor - Stage 2
When your dog reaches the second stage of labor, she will start having more forceful contractions. At this time, her water will break; it is a yellowish-white-colored liquid. In case she is somewhere far away from the whelping box at this time, let her give birth in the place she selects, as moving her after the contractions begin is not recommended.
After a while, she will begin to strain to push the puppy out. Let her do it by herself; do not try to intervene and help unless she is unable to push it out. In such an event, call the vet and ask the right technique to massage her abdomen and ease the process.
When the pup comes out, it will be covered with the amniotic sac. Your dog should break this and lick her puppy clean. If she does not do so, then you will need to break the sac near the pup's neck and lift it off its head. Then wipe the mucous from the pup's nostrils and mouth to help it breathe. If it still does not breathe, then swing it slowly up and down with its head tilted downwards so that the liquid is expelled from its lungs.
If your dog does not bite off the umbilical cord, then you need to cut it 2 inches away from the pup's stomach and tie it an inch away. It will fall off on its own in 2-3 days. Apply some betadine ointment at the top of the cord to prevent an infection.
Labor - Stage 3
The third stage of labor is delivering the placenta, which follows every pup or after 2 to 3 pups. Your dog may eat this up, but it is not necessary to feed her this as it has no useful nutritional value. The duration between each birth can range from 15 minutes to an hour. Also, there is a chance that at least a third of the pups will be born tail-end first.
If in case a puppy gets stuck, then apply the KY jelly around your dog's vulva, grasp the pup firmly but gently with the towel or diaper, wait for your dog to have a contraction, and then gently and steadily pull the pup in an outward and downward direction.
mother nursing pups
Dog nursing her pups
When the pups are born, keep them near the mother for a while, and then place them in the puppy box. When all of them are born, put them back into the whelping box with their mother for nursing.
dog and pup resting
Dog and pup resting
After your dog has fed her puppies, allow all of them, including your dog, to rest. She will be the most tired and will need sleep to replenish her lost energy.
Medical Intervention During Birth
During Birth
The following scenarios may require an emergency medical intervention by your vet. Do not hesitate to call him/her in the event of any of the following occurrences.
✦ If a pup is stuck midway for more than 5 minutes and you are unable to get it out
✦ If your dog is contracting and pushing consistently, but is unable to deliver for more than an hour
✦ She has delivered 2 to 4 hours ago, but there are more pups inside
✦ Her body temperature has dropped, but she still isn't in labor after 24 hours
✦ She is in a lot of physical pain
Post-birth Possibilities
If you notice any strange symptoms in your dog after she has delivered, then call your vet immediately. It is always better to get her checked out once after she has given birth.
✦ Loss of appetite
✦ Disinterest in the pups
✦ Listless, depressed, or nervous behavior
✦ Fever
✦ Vaginal discharge that is smelling
✦ Pain/stiffness while moving
✦ Hardening and reddening of breasts, causing pain, and reluctance to feed the pups
After the Birth
Do not give your dog a bath immediately after she delivers. Wipe her clean with a wet cloth. Also, never bathe puppies till they are at least 6 weeks old, as they have a high risk of contracting pneumonia.
newborn pups with closed eyes
Newborn pups with closed eyes
Newborn puppies have closed eyes and ears, and they weigh just a few grams. Their eyes and ears will open after approximately 11 to 14 days. Once they are a bit older, clip their nails regularly as it will otherwise injure your dog when she is nursing.
bottle feeding
Pup being bottle-fed
The puppies will be weaned by their mother after about 5 weeks of age, but also start them on other food before this. As they grow older, only consuming the mother's milk will not be sufficient for their growth. If the mother refuses to feed them, the pups will need to be fed through a sterilized baby bottle.
Until they are 4 to 5 weeks old, handle them as less as possible. The first vaccines must be administered between 6 to 8 weeks. The vet will give you the schedule.
The following paragraphs will take you through the step-by-step whelping process, right from the stage before labor to after the birth of pups.
Before Birth
Preparations
Before your dog gives birth, the following are a few things that you need to be prepared with.
whelping box
Dog lying with pups in a whelping box
Have a whelping box made of cardboard, or anything that is big enough for your dog to comfortably lie down in along with her pups, which has raised sides to prevent them from getting cold, and which is easy for your dog to get in and out of (an old cupboard or wooden basket will also do). Put 3 to 4 inches of old newspapers, disposable diapers, or old blankets at the bottom of the box.
Make a separate puppy box with similar bedding material for the pups to sleep in until all of them are born. Keep warm bottles or a heating pad under the box to keep it warm. Its temperature should not exceed 80°F to 85°F.
Make these boxes in a quiet corner inside the house where your dog will be comfortable and away from the thoroughfare of the household.
A blunt, sterilized pair of scissors to cut the umbilical cord may be necessary.
Keep some clean (either sterilized or new) pieces of thread to tie the cord after it is cut.
Clean hand towels or extra disposable diapers are needed.
Keep spare newspapers to replace the ones that get wet.
Keep a writing pad to note the time of birth and the total duration between each birth and also for keeping all emergency contact numbers in hand.
Keep KY jelly to help a puppy out if it is stuck due to lubrication.
You will either have to wash your hands thoroughly before your dog begins delivering, or you can wear a pair of latex gloves.
Labor - Stage One
The gestation period of dogs is 60 to 65 days on an average. During the last 4 to 5 days, keep checking your dog's temperature using a rectal thermometer. The average body temperature of a dog is 101° to 102°F. When it drops below 100°F (usually 99°F), it is an indication that she will go into labor in about 24 hours.
There are three stages of labor that your dog will undergo. During the first stage, she will begin experiencing contractions, and you will see signs like panting, restlessness, shivering, digging, whining, or vomiting. This is completely normal. Ensure that you provide her with adequate water, and keep some food available if she wants it. Talk to her lovingly, and comfort her during this time. This phase will be the longest and can last between 6 to 16 hours.
Whelping - How to Assist
Labor - Stage 2
When your dog reaches the second stage of labor, she will start having more forceful contractions. At this time, her water will break; it is a yellowish-white-colored liquid. In case she is somewhere far away from the whelping box at this time, let her give birth in the place she selects, as moving her after the contractions begin is not recommended.
After a while, she will begin to strain to push the puppy out. Let her do it by herself; do not try to intervene and help unless she is unable to push it out. In such an event, call the vet and ask the right technique to massage her abdomen and ease the process.
When the pup comes out, it will be covered with the amniotic sac. Your dog should break this and lick her puppy clean. If she does not do so, then you will need to break the sac near the pup's neck and lift it off its head. Then wipe the mucous from the pup's nostrils and mouth to help it breathe. If it still does not breathe, then swing it slowly up and down with its head tilted downwards so that the liquid is expelled from its lungs.
If your dog does not bite off the umbilical cord, then you need to cut it 2 inches away from the pup's stomach and tie it an inch away. It will fall off on its own in 2-3 days. Apply some betadine ointment at the top of the cord to prevent an infection.
Labor - Stage 3
The third stage of labor is delivering the placenta, which follows every pup or after 2 to 3 pups. Your dog may eat this up, but it is not necessary to feed her this as it has no useful nutritional value. The duration between each birth can range from 15 minutes to an hour. Also, there is a chance that at least a third of the pups will be born tail-end first.
If in case a puppy gets stuck, then apply the KY jelly around your dog's vulva, grasp the pup firmly but gently with the towel or diaper, wait for your dog to have a contraction, and then gently and steadily pull the pup in an outward and downward direction.
mother nursing pups
Dog nursing her pups
When the pups are born, keep them near the mother for a while, and then place them in the puppy box. When all of them are born, put them back into the whelping box with their mother for nursing.
dog and pup resting
Dog and pup resting
After your dog has fed her puppies, allow all of them, including your dog, to rest. She will be the most tired and will need sleep to replenish her lost energy.
Medical Intervention During Birth
During Birth
The following scenarios may require an emergency medical intervention by your vet. Do not hesitate to call him/her in the event of any of the following occurrences.
✦ If a pup is stuck midway for more than 5 minutes and you are unable to get it out
✦ If your dog is contracting and pushing consistently, but is unable to deliver for more than an hour
✦ She has delivered 2 to 4 hours ago, but there are more pups inside
✦ Her body temperature has dropped, but she still isn't in labor after 24 hours
✦ She is in a lot of physical pain
Post-birth Possibilities
If you notice any strange symptoms in your dog after she has delivered, then call your vet immediately. It is always better to get her checked out once after she has given birth.
✦ Loss of appetite
✦ Disinterest in the pups
✦ Listless, depressed, or nervous behavior
✦ Fever
✦ Vaginal discharge that is smelling
✦ Pain/stiffness while moving
✦ Hardening and reddening of breasts, causing pain, and reluctance to feed the pups
After the Birth
Do not give your dog a bath immediately after she delivers. Wipe her clean with a wet cloth. Also, never bathe puppies till they are at least 6 weeks old, as they have a high risk of contracting pneumonia.
newborn pups with closed eyes
Newborn pups with closed eyes
Newborn puppies have closed eyes and ears, and they weigh just a few grams. Their eyes and ears will open after approximately 11 to 14 days. Once they are a bit older, clip their nails regularly as it will otherwise injure your dog when she is nursing.
bottle feeding
Pup being bottle-fed
The puppies will be weaned by their mother after about 5 weeks of age, but also start them on other food before this. As they grow older, only consuming the mother's milk will not be sufficient for their growth. If the mother refuses to feed them, the pups will need to be fed through a sterilized baby bottle.
Until they are 4 to 5 weeks old, handle them as less as possible. The first vaccines must be administered between 6 to 8 weeks. The vet will give you the schedule.
List of Dog Breeds Originating in China
Dog breeds from China are phenomenally popular all over the world. And why not, since the group comprises Shih Tzus, Pekingese, Pugs, and Chinese Crested dogs. This Buzzle article profiles the most famous dogs breeds originating in China.
Chinese Crested dogs have been champions at winning a certain
competition almost every year―that of the World's Ugliest Dog. Previous
winners include Mugly (2012), Yoda (2011), Miss Ellie (2009), Gus
(2008), Elwood (2007), and Rascal (2002).
But the champion of champions remains Sam, a blind Chinese Crested from California, who was voted the world's ugliest dog three times in a row (2003 - 2005).
The Chinese take their dogs very seriously, as is evident from their historical accounts which document the presence of these beloved canines, both as guard and lap dogs. Some of the breeds which are profiled here have been known to be around since the past 2,000 years, whereas the origin of a few, like the Japanese Chin is slightly debated.
Shar Pei
Shar Pei puppy
Shar Pei adult
Several DNA tests have now revealed that the Shar Pei is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world―there is conclusive evidence proving their existence as far back as the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE). Currently, the breed finds itself among the rarest in the world.
Appearance
One can easily spot a Shar Pei from a mile away―the huge head, the sand-colored coat, and the unmissable wrinkles, especially in case of a Shar Pei pup. Their coat evens out as they grow, but the face may remain a bit wrinkled. Another striking feature is their blue-black tongue, which compels us to believe that they are descendants of another ancient Chinese breed, the Chow Chow.
Personality
Shar Peis were predominantly used as hunting dogs. It was much later that these dogs were made to participate in dog fighting. As a result, their personality is stubborn, and requires persistent behavioral and social training since a young age, failing which, they become very aggressive and territorial. If these qualities are reined in, Shar Peis are extremely loyal and devoted to their owners and become excellent family dogs.
Chow Chow
Chow Chow puppy
Chow Chow adult
The Chow Chow is considered to be a contemporary of the Shar Pei, as far as history goes. This breed was an efficient hunting companion and a favorite among the royals. The Chinese valued this breed for its rich fur, and for its supposedly-delectable meat.
Appearance
The Chow Chow, just like the Shar Pei, has some distinct features, besides the shared trait of the blue-black tongue. This breed bears an uncanny resemblance to lions, and are often groomed by their owners to take on the appearance of the big cat. They have a big head, which is covered by a thick mane, extending to the neck. Their eyes are relatively tiny as compared to the size of the head, and are deep set.
Personality
Chow Chows are inherently aloof by nature and can be suspicious of strangers. They need to be socialized since a young age, as they have quite a rebellious streak in them, which can prove troublesome when they grow up. They can be quite feline-esque at times, behaving in a reserved manner and being moody and shy.
Chinese Crested
Chinese Crested puppy
Chinese Crested adult
Their dubious distinction has been chronicled at the top of this write-up, but it doesn't take anything away from the fact that Chinese Crested dogs are very lovable and amusing companions to keep. In the olden days, it was believed that the heat produced by their bodies had medicinal properties, and they were used to heat the painful parts of the body, much like the heating pad we use these days.
Appearance
The Chinese Crested is a toy breed, and comes in two varieties. The Hairless has soft, fine hair on its head, tail, and feet. The skin on the rest of the body is soft and smooth. The Powderpuff is entirely covered with a double soft, straight coat. The ears of both are rather large and stick out of the sides of the head.
Personality
Chinese crested dogs are very patient and loving. They love to play and run around, and possess high levels of intelligence. They can get irritated quickly when teased, which is why they need to be trained to be around children and other pets since a young age.
Pekingese
Long haired Pekingese
Short haired Pekingese
The Pekingese was a coveted breed in ancient China―only the royalty could own it. Anyone trying to steal the dog faced the death penalty. The breed gets its name from the city of Peking, which we now know as Beijing. The Pekingese is classified as a toy breed, but don't let its diminutive size fool you into thinking it is a docile little being.
Appearance
The Pekingese is short, with an elongated body. The head is big, dotted with two large, sparkling eyes. It has a double-layered fur, with a thick, fluffy inner coat and an outer coat made of long, straight hair that is rough to touch. This mane extends beyond the neck, and touches the ground, and needs persistent brushing to keep it from tangling.
Personality
Pekingese take their personality from their royal ancestors and are very well-mannered and dignified. They are also very playful and affectionate with their owners. These dogs are perfect to keep in apartments owing to their small size, and the fact that they are fairly independent.
Pug
Pug puppy
Adult Pug
Pugs easily rank among the most popular breed of dogs in the world. Their compact size, along with their 'so-ugly-it's-cute' face makes them a must-have pet for dog lovers. The American Kennel Club mentions that pugs were the favored pets of Buddhist monks in ancient China.
Appearance
Compact and cute as a button, pugs are irresistibly attractive little fellas. They are square and chubby, with a distinct 'mask' on the muzzle. Their beady eyes are very prominent. They are short and wide-chested, with a double-ringed tail. The fur is short, dense, and glossy.
Personality
Pugs are affable by nature, and a sheer delight to have around. They are very attached to their masters, and a suckers for attention. Sensitive and sociable, pugs need basic training to compliment their friendly temperament.
Shih Tzu
Shih Tzu puppy
Adult Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is believed to be a cross between the Lhasa Apso and the Pekingese. Just like their parent breeds, this one too was immensely popular among the royals of the day. Quite in the line of the Pekingese, Shih Tzus were among the 'lion dog' breeds as well.
Appearance
A short muzzle, with a largish head and an elongated body makes up the Shih Tzu. The over coat is long and silky, layered over a dense under coat―it goes without saying that these dogs need regular grooming sessions to keep their fur in top condition. A distinct feature of the breed is their underbite, which is a standard requirement.
Personality
Lively, alert, and active, Shih Tzus make excellent guard dogs. Behavioral training is vital as these dogs tend to have a mind of their own. This, coupled with their guarding tendencies make for a rather suspicious dog who will charge on strangers if he isn't contained on command. Nevertheless, a Shih Tzu will be a fabulous house pet, and easily adapt to an apartment life.
Japanese Chin
Black Japanese Chin
Brown Japanese Chin
The Japanese Chin's name can be misleading when it comes to its place of origin, which is accepted to be China. It was from here that the breed made its way into the Imperial Palace, and was later known to be the favored breed of Japanese royalty.
Appearance
The Japanese Chin is a toy breed. Its body is compact and covered with silky straight hair, which gives it a refined and elegant look. The head is small, with rather large round and expressive eyes. These dogs have a graceful gait, which makes them popular show dogs.
Personality
If you are undecided on whether you are a cat person or a dog person, this is the breed for you. Though the Japanese Chin is technically a dog, it does have several cat-like traits. This dog uses its paws to clean its face, is very intelligent and aloof, but loves attention all the same. It loves to hide in unexpected corners, and is wary of strangers. All in all, this breed is as close you can get to a cat-dog amalgamation.
But the champion of champions remains Sam, a blind Chinese Crested from California, who was voted the world's ugliest dog three times in a row (2003 - 2005).
The Chinese take their dogs very seriously, as is evident from their historical accounts which document the presence of these beloved canines, both as guard and lap dogs. Some of the breeds which are profiled here have been known to be around since the past 2,000 years, whereas the origin of a few, like the Japanese Chin is slightly debated.
Shar Pei
Shar Pei puppy
Shar Pei adult
Several DNA tests have now revealed that the Shar Pei is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world―there is conclusive evidence proving their existence as far back as the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE). Currently, the breed finds itself among the rarest in the world.
Appearance
One can easily spot a Shar Pei from a mile away―the huge head, the sand-colored coat, and the unmissable wrinkles, especially in case of a Shar Pei pup. Their coat evens out as they grow, but the face may remain a bit wrinkled. Another striking feature is their blue-black tongue, which compels us to believe that they are descendants of another ancient Chinese breed, the Chow Chow.
Personality
Shar Peis were predominantly used as hunting dogs. It was much later that these dogs were made to participate in dog fighting. As a result, their personality is stubborn, and requires persistent behavioral and social training since a young age, failing which, they become very aggressive and territorial. If these qualities are reined in, Shar Peis are extremely loyal and devoted to their owners and become excellent family dogs.
Chow Chow
Chow Chow puppy
Chow Chow adult
The Chow Chow is considered to be a contemporary of the Shar Pei, as far as history goes. This breed was an efficient hunting companion and a favorite among the royals. The Chinese valued this breed for its rich fur, and for its supposedly-delectable meat.
Appearance
The Chow Chow, just like the Shar Pei, has some distinct features, besides the shared trait of the blue-black tongue. This breed bears an uncanny resemblance to lions, and are often groomed by their owners to take on the appearance of the big cat. They have a big head, which is covered by a thick mane, extending to the neck. Their eyes are relatively tiny as compared to the size of the head, and are deep set.
Personality
Chow Chows are inherently aloof by nature and can be suspicious of strangers. They need to be socialized since a young age, as they have quite a rebellious streak in them, which can prove troublesome when they grow up. They can be quite feline-esque at times, behaving in a reserved manner and being moody and shy.
Chinese Crested
Chinese Crested puppy
Chinese Crested adult
Their dubious distinction has been chronicled at the top of this write-up, but it doesn't take anything away from the fact that Chinese Crested dogs are very lovable and amusing companions to keep. In the olden days, it was believed that the heat produced by their bodies had medicinal properties, and they were used to heat the painful parts of the body, much like the heating pad we use these days.
Appearance
The Chinese Crested is a toy breed, and comes in two varieties. The Hairless has soft, fine hair on its head, tail, and feet. The skin on the rest of the body is soft and smooth. The Powderpuff is entirely covered with a double soft, straight coat. The ears of both are rather large and stick out of the sides of the head.
Personality
Chinese crested dogs are very patient and loving. They love to play and run around, and possess high levels of intelligence. They can get irritated quickly when teased, which is why they need to be trained to be around children and other pets since a young age.
Pekingese
Long haired Pekingese
Short haired Pekingese
The Pekingese was a coveted breed in ancient China―only the royalty could own it. Anyone trying to steal the dog faced the death penalty. The breed gets its name from the city of Peking, which we now know as Beijing. The Pekingese is classified as a toy breed, but don't let its diminutive size fool you into thinking it is a docile little being.
Appearance
The Pekingese is short, with an elongated body. The head is big, dotted with two large, sparkling eyes. It has a double-layered fur, with a thick, fluffy inner coat and an outer coat made of long, straight hair that is rough to touch. This mane extends beyond the neck, and touches the ground, and needs persistent brushing to keep it from tangling.
Personality
Pekingese take their personality from their royal ancestors and are very well-mannered and dignified. They are also very playful and affectionate with their owners. These dogs are perfect to keep in apartments owing to their small size, and the fact that they are fairly independent.
Pug
Pug puppy
Adult Pug
Pugs easily rank among the most popular breed of dogs in the world. Their compact size, along with their 'so-ugly-it's-cute' face makes them a must-have pet for dog lovers. The American Kennel Club mentions that pugs were the favored pets of Buddhist monks in ancient China.
Appearance
Compact and cute as a button, pugs are irresistibly attractive little fellas. They are square and chubby, with a distinct 'mask' on the muzzle. Their beady eyes are very prominent. They are short and wide-chested, with a double-ringed tail. The fur is short, dense, and glossy.
Personality
Pugs are affable by nature, and a sheer delight to have around. They are very attached to their masters, and a suckers for attention. Sensitive and sociable, pugs need basic training to compliment their friendly temperament.
Shih Tzu
Shih Tzu puppy
Adult Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is believed to be a cross between the Lhasa Apso and the Pekingese. Just like their parent breeds, this one too was immensely popular among the royals of the day. Quite in the line of the Pekingese, Shih Tzus were among the 'lion dog' breeds as well.
Appearance
A short muzzle, with a largish head and an elongated body makes up the Shih Tzu. The over coat is long and silky, layered over a dense under coat―it goes without saying that these dogs need regular grooming sessions to keep their fur in top condition. A distinct feature of the breed is their underbite, which is a standard requirement.
Personality
Lively, alert, and active, Shih Tzus make excellent guard dogs. Behavioral training is vital as these dogs tend to have a mind of their own. This, coupled with their guarding tendencies make for a rather suspicious dog who will charge on strangers if he isn't contained on command. Nevertheless, a Shih Tzu will be a fabulous house pet, and easily adapt to an apartment life.
Japanese Chin
Black Japanese Chin
Brown Japanese Chin
The Japanese Chin's name can be misleading when it comes to its place of origin, which is accepted to be China. It was from here that the breed made its way into the Imperial Palace, and was later known to be the favored breed of Japanese royalty.
Appearance
The Japanese Chin is a toy breed. Its body is compact and covered with silky straight hair, which gives it a refined and elegant look. The head is small, with rather large round and expressive eyes. These dogs have a graceful gait, which makes them popular show dogs.
Personality
If you are undecided on whether you are a cat person or a dog person, this is the breed for you. Though the Japanese Chin is technically a dog, it does have several cat-like traits. This dog uses its paws to clean its face, is very intelligent and aloof, but loves attention all the same. It loves to hide in unexpected corners, and is wary of strangers. All in all, this breed is as close you can get to a cat-dog amalgamation.
Top 14 Most Colorful Birds in the World
Birds are known to make use of their colorful plumage for a wide range of reasons. This Buzzle article brings you pictures and brief details of some of the most colorful birds seen in nature.
The coloring in the feathers of birds is caused by a pigment called
melanin. The pigment is present in the form of tiny particles within
the skin and feathers of the bird. Depending upon the concentration, it
can produce various colors―from pitch black to copper red and pale
yellow.
Besides providing coloration, the melanin pigment also strengthens the feathers of a bird. It is a known fact that pale, colorless, or white feathers are understood to be the weakest and cannot withstand the adverse effects of the elements.
It is observed that several white birds (like the American white pelican, for example) have dark feathers lining the tips of their wings―the melanin present in these feathers provides strength and protects the wings from natural wear and tear.
For now, here's Buzzle's list of some of the most colorful birds in the world.
Keel billed toucan
Keel-billed Toucan
(Ramphastos sulfuratus)
The keel-billed toucan is the national bird of Belize, besides being found in large numbers all over southern Mexico, Venezuela, and Colombia. You may also know it as the rainbow-billed toucan or sulfur-breasted toucan. Their colorful bill gives them their name, as the rest of their body is almost entirely black, barring a neon-yellow neck and chest. Its feet are blue and the tail feathers have a reddish hue at the tip.
Blue and Yellow Macaw
Blue-and-yellow Macaw
(Ara ararauna)
This gorgeous creature is a member of the South American parrot family called the macaws. Its habitat is spread over South America―from Venezuela and further south to Peru, along with Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Although the bird's status is near extirpation in Paraguay, the number is fairly large in the rest of South America, which leads to its 'Least Concern' listing. The colorful gold-and-blue plumage of this macaw makes it a coveted bird in pet stores, and they also do fairly well in captivity, bonding with their human parents. Their attractive coloring also helps them win mates―among macaws, 'the brighter, the better' is the followed mantra.
Rainbow Lorikeet
Rainbow Lorikeet
(Trichoglossus haematodus)
The Rainbow Lorikeet is a riot of colors―the head is electric blue with a green nuchal collar, the chest is red, and the belly is olive green. The coloring varies among the subspecies, but it remains at the very least, vividly colorful. The bird belongs to a species of Australasian parrots found in Australia, eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu as well, in abundant numbers.
Peacock
Peacock
(Pavo cristatus)
The male peafowl is called the peacock. It has an iridescent blue-green plumage which is best viewed when the bird fans its tail―known to be a mating ritual. The peacock is the national bird of India. It is mostly found in regions spread over Asia and Africa. In fact, the green peafowl (Pavo muticus), native to the forests of Southeast Asia is declared endangered owing to indiscriminate hunting and reduction of habitat. The green peafowl is an important symbol of Burmese culture.
Sun Conures
Sun Conure
(Aratinga solstitialis)
Also known as the Sun Parakeet, this bird is native to South America, and belongs to the parrot family. Its golden-yellow plumage has a tinge of orange around the belly, with the tail being olive in color. These beautiful creatures are currently classified as 'endangered', owing to unbridled trapping caused by pet trade.
Scarlet Macaw
Scarlet Macaw
(Ara macao)
The Scarlet Macaw belongs to the South American parrot family found mainly in south-eastern Mexico, Amazonian Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Brazil, and is the national bird of Honduras. Its coloring is primarily red, but the rump and tail feathers are slightly blue, the upper wing coverts are yellow, and the upper sides of the flight feathers are dark blue, making it quite the colorful bird it is. Destruction of habitat has led to local extinction in some regions, but the species is not under any threat overall.
Golden Pheasant
Golden Pheasant
(Chrysolophus pictus)
The Golden Pheasant is also known as the Chinese Pheasant, and is a game bird widely found in the forests of western China. It is easily recognizable with its characteristic golden crest and rump and bright red body. Its neck is deep orange, and gives a cape-like appearance with an alternating black and orange fan that covers the entire face, barring its bright yellow eye with a pinpoint black pupil.
Quetzal
Quetzal
(Pharomachrus mocinno)
Quetzals are native to the humid highlands of Mexico and Guatemala, and belong to the trogon family. These birds have an iridescent green coloring on their wings, chest, and head, while their belly is a shade of fiery red. Females are colored slightly different, with hints of brown and gray. The Resplendent Quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala and is also the name of the currency. Also, this species, along with the Eared Quetzal are facing a Near-Threatened status.
Mandarin Duck
Mandarin Duck
(Aix galericulata)
Male Mandarin ducks are possibly the most colorful of the entire lot of birds. It has a red bill and a red face, along with a large white crescent above the eye. The chest is purple lined with two vertical white bars. The flanks have two orange "sails" at the back. The female Mandarin duck is much less striking in comparison. Though their numbers are dwindling in China and Russia as a result of export and destruction of habitat, Mandarin ducks can be found in small numbers all over the world, including Japan, the United States, and Great Britain.
Turaco
Turaco
(Musophagidae)
Turacos are unique-looking birds, belonging to the Musophagidae family, endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, where they are found in decent numbers. Their coloring does garner attention, but it is more due to the peculiar shading in the plumage that makes turacos so attractive. They are mostly shooed away because of their shrill and piercing calls, and are classified as 'go-away-birds'. Their crest is quite prominent, as is their long tail.
Northern Cardinal
Northern Cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis)
The northern cardinal is a North American songbird. The adult male's coloring is easily recognizable, with a bright shade of crimson. It has a black face mask over the eyes, extending to the upper chest. The color takes on a more dull and darker hue on the back and wings. Northern cardinals are easily spotted not only because of their coloring, but due to their widespread population as well.
Kingfisher
Kingfisher
(Alcedines)
These medium-sized birds are identified not only by their vivid coloring, but also their long, pointed beaks. The coloring of the kingfisher's plumage depends on its species, but is commonly observed to be in bright shades of green and blue. Kingfishers have a widespread habitat, with most species being found in continents outside the Americas.
Hoopoe
Hoopoe
(Upupa epops)
The hoopoe's most distinct feature is the crown of feathers that sits atop its head. The neck and chest takes a shade of burnt orange, and the wings covered in crisscrossed black and white stripes. The belly is usually white. The species is native to Africa and Eurasia, where it is classified under the 'least concern' category.
Lesser Bird of Paradise
Lesser Bird-of-paradise
(Paradisaea minor)
The Birds-of-paradise comprise several species known for the brightly-colored plumage of the male members. These birds are native to the forests of New Guinea and its neighboring islands, where they make up a respectable count. Pictured here is the Lesser Bird-of-paradise, which is maroon with a yellow crown and a brownish-yellow upper back. The males have a dark emerald-green throat, a pair of long tail-wires comprising ornamental flank plumes which are deep yellow at their base, going ombre on the outward.
Besides providing coloration, the melanin pigment also strengthens the feathers of a bird. It is a known fact that pale, colorless, or white feathers are understood to be the weakest and cannot withstand the adverse effects of the elements.
It is observed that several white birds (like the American white pelican, for example) have dark feathers lining the tips of their wings―the melanin present in these feathers provides strength and protects the wings from natural wear and tear.
For now, here's Buzzle's list of some of the most colorful birds in the world.
Keel billed toucan
Keel-billed Toucan
(Ramphastos sulfuratus)
The keel-billed toucan is the national bird of Belize, besides being found in large numbers all over southern Mexico, Venezuela, and Colombia. You may also know it as the rainbow-billed toucan or sulfur-breasted toucan. Their colorful bill gives them their name, as the rest of their body is almost entirely black, barring a neon-yellow neck and chest. Its feet are blue and the tail feathers have a reddish hue at the tip.
Blue and Yellow Macaw
Blue-and-yellow Macaw
(Ara ararauna)
This gorgeous creature is a member of the South American parrot family called the macaws. Its habitat is spread over South America―from Venezuela and further south to Peru, along with Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Although the bird's status is near extirpation in Paraguay, the number is fairly large in the rest of South America, which leads to its 'Least Concern' listing. The colorful gold-and-blue plumage of this macaw makes it a coveted bird in pet stores, and they also do fairly well in captivity, bonding with their human parents. Their attractive coloring also helps them win mates―among macaws, 'the brighter, the better' is the followed mantra.
Rainbow Lorikeet
Rainbow Lorikeet
(Trichoglossus haematodus)
The Rainbow Lorikeet is a riot of colors―the head is electric blue with a green nuchal collar, the chest is red, and the belly is olive green. The coloring varies among the subspecies, but it remains at the very least, vividly colorful. The bird belongs to a species of Australasian parrots found in Australia, eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu as well, in abundant numbers.
Peacock
Peacock
(Pavo cristatus)
The male peafowl is called the peacock. It has an iridescent blue-green plumage which is best viewed when the bird fans its tail―known to be a mating ritual. The peacock is the national bird of India. It is mostly found in regions spread over Asia and Africa. In fact, the green peafowl (Pavo muticus), native to the forests of Southeast Asia is declared endangered owing to indiscriminate hunting and reduction of habitat. The green peafowl is an important symbol of Burmese culture.
Sun Conures
Sun Conure
(Aratinga solstitialis)
Also known as the Sun Parakeet, this bird is native to South America, and belongs to the parrot family. Its golden-yellow plumage has a tinge of orange around the belly, with the tail being olive in color. These beautiful creatures are currently classified as 'endangered', owing to unbridled trapping caused by pet trade.
Scarlet Macaw
Scarlet Macaw
(Ara macao)
The Scarlet Macaw belongs to the South American parrot family found mainly in south-eastern Mexico, Amazonian Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Brazil, and is the national bird of Honduras. Its coloring is primarily red, but the rump and tail feathers are slightly blue, the upper wing coverts are yellow, and the upper sides of the flight feathers are dark blue, making it quite the colorful bird it is. Destruction of habitat has led to local extinction in some regions, but the species is not under any threat overall.
Golden Pheasant
Golden Pheasant
(Chrysolophus pictus)
The Golden Pheasant is also known as the Chinese Pheasant, and is a game bird widely found in the forests of western China. It is easily recognizable with its characteristic golden crest and rump and bright red body. Its neck is deep orange, and gives a cape-like appearance with an alternating black and orange fan that covers the entire face, barring its bright yellow eye with a pinpoint black pupil.
Quetzal
Quetzal
(Pharomachrus mocinno)
Quetzals are native to the humid highlands of Mexico and Guatemala, and belong to the trogon family. These birds have an iridescent green coloring on their wings, chest, and head, while their belly is a shade of fiery red. Females are colored slightly different, with hints of brown and gray. The Resplendent Quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala and is also the name of the currency. Also, this species, along with the Eared Quetzal are facing a Near-Threatened status.
Mandarin Duck
Mandarin Duck
(Aix galericulata)
Male Mandarin ducks are possibly the most colorful of the entire lot of birds. It has a red bill and a red face, along with a large white crescent above the eye. The chest is purple lined with two vertical white bars. The flanks have two orange "sails" at the back. The female Mandarin duck is much less striking in comparison. Though their numbers are dwindling in China and Russia as a result of export and destruction of habitat, Mandarin ducks can be found in small numbers all over the world, including Japan, the United States, and Great Britain.
Turaco
Turaco
(Musophagidae)
Turacos are unique-looking birds, belonging to the Musophagidae family, endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, where they are found in decent numbers. Their coloring does garner attention, but it is more due to the peculiar shading in the plumage that makes turacos so attractive. They are mostly shooed away because of their shrill and piercing calls, and are classified as 'go-away-birds'. Their crest is quite prominent, as is their long tail.
Northern Cardinal
Northern Cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis)
The northern cardinal is a North American songbird. The adult male's coloring is easily recognizable, with a bright shade of crimson. It has a black face mask over the eyes, extending to the upper chest. The color takes on a more dull and darker hue on the back and wings. Northern cardinals are easily spotted not only because of their coloring, but due to their widespread population as well.
Kingfisher
Kingfisher
(Alcedines)
These medium-sized birds are identified not only by their vivid coloring, but also their long, pointed beaks. The coloring of the kingfisher's plumage depends on its species, but is commonly observed to be in bright shades of green and blue. Kingfishers have a widespread habitat, with most species being found in continents outside the Americas.
Hoopoe
Hoopoe
(Upupa epops)
The hoopoe's most distinct feature is the crown of feathers that sits atop its head. The neck and chest takes a shade of burnt orange, and the wings covered in crisscrossed black and white stripes. The belly is usually white. The species is native to Africa and Eurasia, where it is classified under the 'least concern' category.
Lesser Bird of Paradise
Lesser Bird-of-paradise
(Paradisaea minor)
The Birds-of-paradise comprise several species known for the brightly-colored plumage of the male members. These birds are native to the forests of New Guinea and its neighboring islands, where they make up a respectable count. Pictured here is the Lesser Bird-of-paradise, which is maroon with a yellow crown and a brownish-yellow upper back. The males have a dark emerald-green throat, a pair of long tail-wires comprising ornamental flank plumes which are deep yellow at their base, going ombre on the outward.
Interesting Facts About Luna Moths
The Luna Moth is one of the largest moth species found in North America. They can be easily spotted owing to their size and coloring. Buzzle brings you some interesting facts about Luna Moths.
The Luna Moth is one of the largest moth species found in North America. They can be easily spotted owing to their size and coloring. Buzzle brings you some interesting facts about Luna Moths.
Did You Know?
The Luna Moth's head is quite hard to find for its predators. It also has eye spots on all four wings to add to the confusion. Often, predators tend to go for one of its tails, understanding it to be the head, and thus allowing the Luna Moth to escape.
The Luna Moth (Actias luna) is a lime-green, Saturniid moth from the family Saturniidae, subfamily Saturniinae. This insect can be spotted right from the plains of northern Mexico to Quebec and Nova Scotia in Canada.
Lunar Moth Facts
Adult Luna Moths typically begin to emerge in early spring, which is their mating season. Also called 'Moon Moths', they get their name from the fact that they are most active during nighttime. They are quite fascinating to look at, and thankfully, are also pretty harmless.
Appearance
► These moth are quite large, with a wingspan of around 4 - 7 inches wide.
► The wings are light green/lime green in color, and have markings in the shape of transparent spots and a pink-purple or yellow forewing margin. Their hind wings bear long twisted tails.
► Their tails may be yellowish-green to bluish-green in color.
► Antennae are observed to be feathery, with those of males being more feathery as compared to the females'.
► Sexual dimorphism is observed in Luna Moths, with females being noticeably larger. Males also appear to possess a lighter shade of green as compared to the females.
Luna Moth
The female Luna Moth (above) is noticeably darker than the male (below).
Male Luna Moth
Behavior and Habitat
► The Luna Moth is found in the forested areas throughout North America. They seem to prefer deciduous woodlands, with trees such as hickory, walnut, sumacs, and persimmon.
► These moths are nocturnal, and are quite difficult to spot during the daytime.
► With their peculiar coloring, these insects can mimic living and dead leaves on the ground by remaining motionless. They are also nearly impossible to spot during the day when resting on the bark of sycamore trees.
Diet
► Luna Moths are herbivores. As a caterpillar it feeds on the foliage of various species of hickory, walnut, sweet-gum, persimmon, and birch trees.
► Being silk moths, they do not consume any food as adults. The energy required during the adult phase is accumulated during the caterpillar stage, which explains the absence of a proboscis, the mouth which is found on most other species of butterflies and moths.
Reproduction
Caterpillar stage
Caterpillar stage
► Female Luna Moths exhibit pheromones to attract males even over a significant distance. A female mates with the first male to approach her.
► Being nocturnal in nature, mating usually occurs in the initial hours post-midnight. If the pair is undisturbed, they remain in copula until the next evening, but the slightest disturbance may cause a separation.
► After this, the female seeks a host tree to oviposit. Eggs are laid in small groups or singly on both surfaces of host plant leaves. The eggs take about one week to hatch, after which the caterpillars emerge. Caterpillars are sedentary and solitary feeders. Leaves and silk are used to spin papery brown cocoons in litter under the host plant.
► Luna Moths produce one or two generations per year. Their lifespan is quite brief, extending no more than a week.
The Luna Moth's head is quite hard to find for its predators. It also has eye spots on all four wings to add to the confusion. Often, predators tend to go for one of its tails, understanding it to be the head, and thus allowing the Luna Moth to escape.
The Luna Moth (Actias luna) is a lime-green, Saturniid moth from the family Saturniidae, subfamily Saturniinae. This insect can be spotted right from the plains of northern Mexico to Quebec and Nova Scotia in Canada.
Lunar Moth Facts
Adult Luna Moths typically begin to emerge in early spring, which is their mating season. Also called 'Moon Moths', they get their name from the fact that they are most active during nighttime. They are quite fascinating to look at, and thankfully, are also pretty harmless.
Appearance
► These moth are quite large, with a wingspan of around 4 - 7 inches wide.
► The wings are light green/lime green in color, and have markings in the shape of transparent spots and a pink-purple or yellow forewing margin. Their hind wings bear long twisted tails.
► Their tails may be yellowish-green to bluish-green in color.
► Antennae are observed to be feathery, with those of males being more feathery as compared to the females'.
► Sexual dimorphism is observed in Luna Moths, with females being noticeably larger. Males also appear to possess a lighter shade of green as compared to the females.
Luna Moth
The female Luna Moth (above) is noticeably darker than the male (below).
Male Luna Moth
Behavior and Habitat
► The Luna Moth is found in the forested areas throughout North America. They seem to prefer deciduous woodlands, with trees such as hickory, walnut, sumacs, and persimmon.
► These moths are nocturnal, and are quite difficult to spot during the daytime.
► With their peculiar coloring, these insects can mimic living and dead leaves on the ground by remaining motionless. They are also nearly impossible to spot during the day when resting on the bark of sycamore trees.
Diet
► Luna Moths are herbivores. As a caterpillar it feeds on the foliage of various species of hickory, walnut, sweet-gum, persimmon, and birch trees.
► Being silk moths, they do not consume any food as adults. The energy required during the adult phase is accumulated during the caterpillar stage, which explains the absence of a proboscis, the mouth which is found on most other species of butterflies and moths.
Reproduction
Caterpillar stage
Caterpillar stage
► Female Luna Moths exhibit pheromones to attract males even over a significant distance. A female mates with the first male to approach her.
► Being nocturnal in nature, mating usually occurs in the initial hours post-midnight. If the pair is undisturbed, they remain in copula until the next evening, but the slightest disturbance may cause a separation.
► After this, the female seeks a host tree to oviposit. Eggs are laid in small groups or singly on both surfaces of host plant leaves. The eggs take about one week to hatch, after which the caterpillars emerge. Caterpillars are sedentary and solitary feeders. Leaves and silk are used to spin papery brown cocoons in litter under the host plant.
► Luna Moths produce one or two generations per year. Their lifespan is quite brief, extending no more than a week.
Banana Spiders
Banana spiders are quite fascinating creatures, especially known for spinning impressive webs. This Buzzle article lists some interesting facts about these arachnids.
Banana spiders are quite fascinating creatures, especially known for spinning impressive webs. This Buzzle article lists some interesting facts about these arachnids.
Golden silk orb-weavers are known as the common banana spiders.
They are also known by other names like heather banana spiders and giant
wood spiders. Brazilian Wandering Spiders are also known as banana
spiders because they are found in banana plantations and also get
transported to other places through bunches of bananas. The Hawaiian
Garden Spiders, Argiope appensa, are also referred to by this name.
However, golden silk orb-weavers are the true banana spiders. Some facts
about these creatures are outlined below.
Classification
● Kingdom - Animalia
● Phylum - Arthropoda
● Class - Arachnida
● Order - Araneae
● Family - Nephilidae
● Genus - Nephila
The word Nephila is derived from Ancient Greek, which means 'love to spin'. Nen means to "spin", and philos means "love".
Appearance
golden silk orb-weaver
Golden silk spider resting on its web
The body color of these spiders can range from yellowish-green to reddish-brown. Their legs are striped and long. They have white patches on their abdomen. Females are bigger than the males, and their body size (not leg span) is about 1.5 to 2 inches long. Males are not more than an inch long. The leg span of these spiders can be as big as 5 inches. Both the genders have black tufts of hair on the first and last pairs of legs. The female is not only larger than the male, but is also more colorful. This colorful appearance helps them scare away predators. From time to time, these spiders molt and shed their skin.
Habitat and Distribution
In the US, these spiders are usually found in the coastal southeast and inland regions, from North Carolina to Texas, and even in Florida. They are also found in Asia, Africa, and Australia. They are most commonly found in areas that have warm climates. They prefer coastal and swampy areas, open habitats, and forest edges. They also seem to like fences and building overhangs.
Reproduction and Diet
The male courts the female by staying on her web and performing mating rituals. One of the rituals involves the male gently stroking the female's leg. There can be more than one male on the web. However, if the female becomes unhappy, she can kill the male and eat him.
A female banana spider has 2 insemination ducts, each ending in a sperm storage organ. The male has 3 penises. All of them break off during sex. Mating usually occurs when a female has freshly molted. In this case, a dominant male stays around the female before she molts. He mates with her after she molts. Once the eggs are laid, the female dies within a month. Hence, the spiderlings have to fend for themselves when they are born.
Banana spiders eat small insects like flies, butterflies, mosquitoes, locusts, grasshoppers, etc. Some species are even known to eat small birds and snakes. Their diet changes according to the food that is easily available. However, they are also known to alter their diet according to the time of the year.
Webs
Banana spiders are known for the impressive webs that they weave. The yellow threads of their webs shine like gold in the sun. This helps them to ensnare their prey. Young spiders do not begin to weave the golden web right away.
These webs are quite complex. There is an orb in the center, suspended in a maze of non-sticky barrier webs. The orb is renewed regularly as the stickiness decreases. The portion of the web that is removed to be renewed is often consumed by these spiders.
Spider Bite and Treatment
The venom of banana spiders is mildly poisonous, and they do not produce it in very large quantities. Hence, their bites are not lethal to humans. Actually, a bite causes blistering and some amount of intense pain, and maybe some nausea and dizziness. It does not really require medical attention unless a person experiences breathing difficulty or muscle spasms. The latter two symptoms may be signs of an infection setting in, which does require a visit to the doctor. Otherwise, the pain usually subsides in a day.
Golden Silk Garment Production
golden spider silk cape displayed at the victoria and albert museum
A golden spider silk cape unveiled at the Victoria and Albert Museum (2012)
In the past, there have been efforts to create garments made of Nephila silk; however, it was never commercially possible. There have been more than a couple of instances wherein garments made of golden orb-weaver silk were produced.
● Two bed hangings made of this silk were exhibited at the Exposition Universelle of 1900, held in Paris.
● At the American Museum of Natural History in 2009, a shawl made by using 1.2 million golden orb-weavers was exhibited, which was made by the combined efforts of Simon Peers (textile designer) and Nicholas Godley (entrepreneur).
● The second time around, the same duo managed to produce a golden cape, a bigger garment this time, which was showcased at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London in 2012.
Other Amusing Facts
● Webs are usually several feet long, and are at eye level.
● The female banana spider is the largest non-tarantula spider species in North America.
● The webs have a unique and complex zigzag pattern.
● A fossil of this genus, that was recently discovered, was found to be about 165 million years old. Hence, Nephila is the longest surviving spider genus.
● These spiders build small webs around the main one as barriers to prevent it from getting destroyed by birds getting caught in it.
● The golden silk orb-weaver makes the strongest and biggest web among all spider species.
● The female lays her eggs in a silk sac and hides them in curled leaves, leaving them away from the web.
Banana spiders are useful to the environment because they help keep pest populations (like fruit flies) under control by feeding on them. Thus, instead of killing them, simply take down their webs with a stick or broom, and they will find another place to weave them.
Classification
● Kingdom - Animalia
● Phylum - Arthropoda
● Class - Arachnida
● Order - Araneae
● Family - Nephilidae
● Genus - Nephila
The word Nephila is derived from Ancient Greek, which means 'love to spin'. Nen means to "spin", and philos means "love".
Appearance
golden silk orb-weaver
Golden silk spider resting on its web
The body color of these spiders can range from yellowish-green to reddish-brown. Their legs are striped and long. They have white patches on their abdomen. Females are bigger than the males, and their body size (not leg span) is about 1.5 to 2 inches long. Males are not more than an inch long. The leg span of these spiders can be as big as 5 inches. Both the genders have black tufts of hair on the first and last pairs of legs. The female is not only larger than the male, but is also more colorful. This colorful appearance helps them scare away predators. From time to time, these spiders molt and shed their skin.
Habitat and Distribution
In the US, these spiders are usually found in the coastal southeast and inland regions, from North Carolina to Texas, and even in Florida. They are also found in Asia, Africa, and Australia. They are most commonly found in areas that have warm climates. They prefer coastal and swampy areas, open habitats, and forest edges. They also seem to like fences and building overhangs.
Reproduction and Diet
The male courts the female by staying on her web and performing mating rituals. One of the rituals involves the male gently stroking the female's leg. There can be more than one male on the web. However, if the female becomes unhappy, she can kill the male and eat him.
A female banana spider has 2 insemination ducts, each ending in a sperm storage organ. The male has 3 penises. All of them break off during sex. Mating usually occurs when a female has freshly molted. In this case, a dominant male stays around the female before she molts. He mates with her after she molts. Once the eggs are laid, the female dies within a month. Hence, the spiderlings have to fend for themselves when they are born.
Banana spiders eat small insects like flies, butterflies, mosquitoes, locusts, grasshoppers, etc. Some species are even known to eat small birds and snakes. Their diet changes according to the food that is easily available. However, they are also known to alter their diet according to the time of the year.
Webs
Banana spiders are known for the impressive webs that they weave. The yellow threads of their webs shine like gold in the sun. This helps them to ensnare their prey. Young spiders do not begin to weave the golden web right away.
These webs are quite complex. There is an orb in the center, suspended in a maze of non-sticky barrier webs. The orb is renewed regularly as the stickiness decreases. The portion of the web that is removed to be renewed is often consumed by these spiders.
Spider Bite and Treatment
The venom of banana spiders is mildly poisonous, and they do not produce it in very large quantities. Hence, their bites are not lethal to humans. Actually, a bite causes blistering and some amount of intense pain, and maybe some nausea and dizziness. It does not really require medical attention unless a person experiences breathing difficulty or muscle spasms. The latter two symptoms may be signs of an infection setting in, which does require a visit to the doctor. Otherwise, the pain usually subsides in a day.
Golden Silk Garment Production
golden spider silk cape displayed at the victoria and albert museum
A golden spider silk cape unveiled at the Victoria and Albert Museum (2012)
In the past, there have been efforts to create garments made of Nephila silk; however, it was never commercially possible. There have been more than a couple of instances wherein garments made of golden orb-weaver silk were produced.
● Two bed hangings made of this silk were exhibited at the Exposition Universelle of 1900, held in Paris.
● At the American Museum of Natural History in 2009, a shawl made by using 1.2 million golden orb-weavers was exhibited, which was made by the combined efforts of Simon Peers (textile designer) and Nicholas Godley (entrepreneur).
● The second time around, the same duo managed to produce a golden cape, a bigger garment this time, which was showcased at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London in 2012.
Other Amusing Facts
● Webs are usually several feet long, and are at eye level.
● The female banana spider is the largest non-tarantula spider species in North America.
● The webs have a unique and complex zigzag pattern.
● A fossil of this genus, that was recently discovered, was found to be about 165 million years old. Hence, Nephila is the longest surviving spider genus.
● These spiders build small webs around the main one as barriers to prevent it from getting destroyed by birds getting caught in it.
● The golden silk orb-weaver makes the strongest and biggest web among all spider species.
● The female lays her eggs in a silk sac and hides them in curled leaves, leaving them away from the web.
Banana spiders are useful to the environment because they help keep pest populations (like fruit flies) under control by feeding on them. Thus, instead of killing them, simply take down their webs with a stick or broom, and they will find another place to weave them.
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